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Jackson, Mississippi
Jackson (Mississippi), city in the central part of Mississippi, capital of the state, and seat of Hinds County. Located on the Pearl River, parts of the city are also in Rankin and Madison counties. Jackson is a telecommunications, government, commercial, manufacturing, and distribution center; products include electrical equipment and machinery, processed food, and primary and fabricated metal products. Livestock, soybeans, cotton, and poultry are raised in the surrounding agricultural area. Commercial air transportation is through Jackson International Airport.
The city is the site of Jackson State University (1877), Belhaven College (1883), Millsaps College (1890), and the Medical Center (established in 1955) of the University of Mississippi. Points of interest in Jackson include the New Capitol, completed in 1903; the Old Capitol, which dates from the 1830s and is now a museum; Manship House, a Gothic Revival home built by painter Charles Henry Manship; and the nearby Mississippi Agriculture and Forestry Museum, a complex of 16 hectares (39 acres) which illustrates technological and industrial developments.
The Jackson area was originally inhabited by Native Americans of the Choctaw and Chickasaw peoples. A French-Canadian trapper, Louis Le Fleur, built a trading post near the present city center in the early 1790s, and this location came to be known as Le Fleur's Bluff. In 1821 it became the state capital and was named in honor of Andrew Jackson, then a military hero for his campaigns in the South against the British and Native Americans and later the nation's seventh president. When the community was laid out in 1822, alternating blocks were designated as parks, a plan created by the nation's third president, Thomas Jefferson. Jackson incorporated the same year.
In 1863, during the American Civil War, Jackson was destroyed by Union troops under General William Tecumseh Sherman; the city's charred landscape earned it the name Chimneyville. Recovery after the war was slow, but industrial development was spurred in the 1930s by the discovery of natural gas nearby. During the 1960s and early 1970s, the city was the scene of racial unrest; subsequent decades have seen improvement in the state of race relations.
Jackson covers a land area of 281.0 sq km (108.5 sq mi), with a mean elevation of 86 m (283 ft). According to the 1990 census, blacks are 55.7 percent of the population, whites are 43.6 percent, Asians and Pacific Islanders 0.5 percent, and Native Americans 0.1 percent. The remainder are of mixed heritage or did not report ethnicity. Hispanics, who may be of any race, are 0.4 percent of the people. Population 202,895 (1980); 196,637 (1990); 192,923 (1996 estimate).
"Jackson (Mississippi)," Microsoft® Encarta® Encyclopedia 2000. © 1993-1999 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
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